Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics

For quite a while, during and after Canada’s monetary emergency in 2008, it was viewed as in vogue to allude to the nation as an administrative and financial reasonability paragon. In the years going before the emergency, the legislature in Canada engaged with spending plan surpluses. This empowered the nation to develop the economy, while maintaining a strategic distance from gigantic obligation loads.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Extremely high obligation loads are knowledgeable about Spain and Greece. In addition, the financial framework in Canada experienced basic capital prerequisites. It is likewise important that they were increasingly loath to dangers, instead of the partners in Europe and America (Von Hagen, Schuknecht Wolswijk, 2011). Perhaps the most fundamental perspective is that Canada didn't take part in the sort of land encounters similar to the case in Great Britain and the United States. This is because of the tough loaning gauges. Likewise, there is no home loan intrigue deductibility. The money related emergency experienced overall incapacitates monetary organizations in the created nations. What's more, it prompted bailouts in nations, just as banks. It is important that the budgetary area in Canada was not extraordinarily influenced by the money related emergency, even without citizen financed bailouts. Additionally, the financial division in Canada remained amazingly very much promoted and stable. There are a few estimates that Canada took to shield the dependability in its money related framework (Reinhart Rogoff, 2008). It merits referencing that somewhat before the emergency, the bank financing structure was amazingly good. This is on the grounds that banks relied more upon safe rather than discount financing. The subsequent methodology is that Canada has incredibly prohibitive capital adequacy administrative measures all inclusive. This is with respect to the permitted capital conclusions, hazard weighting, just as reasonable administrative capital definitions. Moreover, the banking system’s structure in Canada is inferable for making the part increasingly strong. In the nation, tight measures just as overwhelming guideline upon passage came about to amazingly focused financial frameworks. These were commanded by five of the greatest competitors.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whereas this framework is answerable for making the part somewhat less serious, the segment turned out to be increasingly administrative. This, thus, decreased the banking sector’s shadow size. The difficulty concerning controllers is an exchange off, which administrators normally face undoubtedly. As I would see it, the exhibition of the economy preceding the emergency, the 2-4 % yearly GDP development rate in 1999-2008, just as the financial division while the emergency was on going show that the nation has an ideal parity (Afonso, Kovner Schoar, 2011). As referenced before, the financing structure in Canada was amazingly positive. This is because of the Canadian banks dependence on store rather than discount subsidizing. Huang and Ratnovski (2009) contend that in banks where subsidizing was reliant on stores, there was extraordinary strength during the budgetary emergency. This was the inverse for banks that had a more prominent dependence on discount subsidizing. The liquidity proportions and capitalization were a wellspring of solidarity for the banks in Canada. This is independent of the way that they were not more in OECD purview. It is important with sharp worry that the presentation Canada to the home loan resources in the United States was insignificant. As per Erkens, Hung and Matos (2012), this is in contrast with different nations in OECD. More over, household contract loaning was considered acutely in US. The administrative system offered cutoff points to the dangers that the financial area attempted. Customarily, the country has rigid capital adequacy administrative measures rather than other increasingly created economies. This is even before the Basel Accord. Studies demonstrate that Canada had the most secure administrative capital techniques preceding the budgetary emergency. 15% of capital is because of appealing monetary instruments. Then again, seventy five percent results from regular equity.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the administrative system goes about as a limitation for most extreme different resources. These guidelines were liable for keeping the Canadian banks from resources that in the end ended up being harmful. Another thought is that the guidelines were answerable for the extraordinary capital necessities, which were past the prerequisites expressed by Basel Accords. The financial framework course of action is traditionally inferable from the solidness experienced in the segment. The tough areas and substantial conventions upon passage, came about to a financial framework, which was profoundly engaged. While the area was rendered less serious, managing the segment was made simpler. It is the motivation behind why the Canadian framework is ascribed to extraordinary value returns. The monetary framework in Canada offers a few bits of knowledge as to the production of firm financial framework (Financial Post, 2012). This allude to banks that are very much promoted and have little influence, straightforwardness in the frameworks, dangers have joins, prize, execution, and a worthy culture. The Canadian banks were very effective since they never occupied with advanced money related exchanges, contrasted with the partners in the United States. Thusly, the money related framework was fit for withstanding the unrest and staying away from bailouts. As per Mark Carney, â€Å"Wholesale changes of guideline, changes to strategy and modification of private conduct are required. We should all move toward these assignments with a proportion of humility.† References Afonso, G., Kovner, A., Schoar, A. (2011). Pushed, not solidified: The government finances showcase in the money related emergency, The Journal of Finance, 66(4), 1109-1139. Erkens, D. H., Hung, M., Matos, P. (2012). Corporate administration in the 2007â€2008 monetary emergency: Evidence from money related foundations around the world, Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(2), 389-411. Money related Post. (2012). Imprint Carney’s Most Memorable Quotes. Web.Advertising Searching for article on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reinhart, C. M., Rogoff, K. S. (2008). Is the 2007 US sub-prime money related emergency so extraordinary? A worldwide recorded correlation (No. w13761). National Bureau of Economic Research, 21(2), 1-92. Von Hagen, J., Schuknecht, L., Wolswijk, G. (2011). Government bond chance premiums in the EU returned to: The Impact of the money related emergency. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(1), 36-43. This exposition on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics was composed and presented by client GitHoskins to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

What are the discoveries of Dr. Maria Montessori free essay sample

Dr. Maria Montessori, globally famous kid teacher, was initially a clinical specialist who brought the logical techniques for perception, experimentation, and research to the investigation of kids, their turn of events and training. As a specialist, Montessori came to accept that huge numbers of the issues of the kids she was working with were instructive instead of clinical. In analyzing training she felt that youngsters were not accomplishing their potential since instruction did not depend on science. Her initial step, at that point, was to endeavor to forsake assumptions about instruction and to start to contemplate youngsters, their turn of events and the way toward learning through logical techniques for perception and experimentation. In doing as such, she made what she viewed as various surprising disclosures. Through her examination, she found that youngsters had unique and high characteristics than those we as a rule ascribe to them. Among these characteristics are: an) Amazing Mental Concentration: Previously it was accepted that kids had limited ability to focus. Dr. Montessori was flabbergasted to watch the time allotment that little youngsters would decide to take care of assignments which intrigued them. At the point when unconstrained reiteration of a movement is finished with intrigue the regular outcome is fixation. In any case, fixation isn't the final result of instruction, it’s just the start. Any evident learning happens just with focus. The kids uncover that they can work with focus when they locate the correct conditions. b) Love of Repetition: On their own, kids would decide to rehearse things they were attempting to ace again and again. When something answers an internal need meets with the inward inclination the unconstrained intrigue is ignited. At the point when this intrigue finds reasonable conditions to work unconstrained redundancy is come about. At the point when this unconstrained redundancy of an action is finished with intrigue the regular outcome is focus. For instance, when a kid chooses to figure out how to tie shoes, the youngster may tie and loosen shoes commonly, proceeding with the redundancy until the errand is aced. c) Love of request: Whereas we regularly consider kids muddled, Dr. Montessori found that youngsters have a characteristic tendency for association and precision. This characteristic tendency can benefit from outside intervention and created if arrangement is made to cultivate it. This request need not be just with things in nature yet in addition with qualities, capacities and other human exercises. The youngster needs to encounter human qualities like â€Å"telling the truth† being rehearsed. If not really, the kid gets befuddled and this can make a twist in his turn of events. An opposite guidance about conduct obfuscates his choice. We have to recall that the small kid is in procedure of building his character which keeps going his lifetime. He needs consistency in everything in his condition. It takes some time for him to comprehend that things additionally can be unique. d) Freedom of decision: Children like to pick things they do. On the off chance that materials are set out for youngsters so they have simple access to them, kids will pick, take and supplant them with without the need of help from a grown-up. Dr. Montessori discovered that the kid is equipped for picking the sort of action that fulfills his internal desire and offers challenge. At the point when a domain gives numerous choices in formative exercises, the youngsters pick exercises as per their abilities. This further encourages them to upgrade their capacities and formative characteristics. The grown-up should be the instigators yet just need to give the fundamental conditions. All out advancement results just when the kid can work in the different fields of human action. e) Children Prefer Work to Play: One of the best shocks for Dr. Montessori was the revelation that youngsters favored work to play. Some of the time grown-ups will in general think kids just need to play and not to work. Nonetheless, Dr. Montessori found that play subbed for what the youngsters truly needed to do, however couldn’t. For instance, youngsters like to play â€Å"house†. They may claim to cook, to prepare pies, to clean house, and so forth notwithstanding, whenever given a decision, the kids like to be in the genuine kitchen with their mom (or father) figuring out how to get ready â€Å"real† food. The presentation of activity of reasonable life as formative exercises was Dr. Montessori’s commitment to instruction. She discovered how the youngsters expected to play out the exercises in every day life since they brought the knowledge, will and deliberate developments together. This co-appointment achieved incorporation of the character. f) No Need for Reward and Punishment: Montessori found that kids are characteristically persuaded to work. Nobody needs to be issue. Along these lines, they needn't bother with outer prizes and disciplines. What they do require is help. The grown-up can help the kid by telling the youngster the best way to do what the individual in question is attempting to achieve. Achievement, capability, and being a contributing individual from a general public are compensating in themselves, and it is reward enough. There are numerous occasions in Dr. Montessori’s work where she clarifies why she â€Å"eventually†¦gave up either rebuffing or compensating the children†. She clarifies that this strategy is â€Å"always a type of repression†, and depends on our †as she would see it grievously incorrect †conviction that kids â€Å"come into the world terrible and loaded with deviousness. † She found, after cautious perception, that both discipline and prize were similarly ineffectual apparatuses for supporting the kind of advancement that she felt was significant (I. e. the standardization of the individual and the valorisation of humanity). Truth be told she saw that youngsters were unbiased in both of these strategies and regularly couldn't differentiate between them. g) The Children Refuse Sweets: Children frequently demonstrate an impassion to the allurements of desserts when set in struggle with the enthusiasm of the brain. Kids love to work intentionally. In the event that it relates with the internal advancement need they work until they arrive at their objective, in this any outside energizer impacts unimportantly. The inward drive is adequate to show them the correct way. h) Lovers of Silence: Whereas it is anything but difficult to consider kids loud, Montessori found that kids appreciate discovering how calm they can be. The youngsters like to tune in to quietness and to delicate sounds. It resembles a game to check whether they can move a seat without making a sound. I) Sense of Personal Dignity: Children have a profound feeling of individual pride similarly as grown-ups do. They need to be fit and held in high respect. They need to have the option to get things done for themselves. They can get humiliated and can feel embarrassed. A kid would prefer to tie his own shoes than have tied for him. j) Desire to Read and Write: before all else, Dr. Montessori didn’t accept that small kids of four and five years old ought to be associated with perusing and composing. Nonetheless, the kids demonstrated such intrigue that she gave some starting materials. She was flabbergasted by how the youngsters leaked to â€Å"burst spontaneously† into composing and afterward perusing whenever furnished with the correct materials. Dr. Montessori found that the youngsters are regularly observed to carry on in a specific way; dangerous, sloppy, obstinate, rebellious and so on. Be that as it may, in uncommonly arranged situations and with uniquely prepared grown-ups they show efficient, mindful, adoring conduct, both are apparently genuine. As an explanation of logical inconsistency, Dr. Montessori clarifies that the subsequent case is the genuine one and they exceptionally regular conduct is the consequence of the kid not finding the correct conditions for advancement. This disclosure was conceivable in light of the fact that she could observer this loftiness of human ordinariness. It is notable that human life is a progression of steps in picking up freedom and credit would go to Dr. Montessori who pointed this is valid in child’s life too. All the assist we with offering should lead the youngster to freedom in his individual and public activity. We may finish up by saying Dr. Montessori calls upon each grown-up individual to build up the lowliness to gain from the kids so as to enable the kid to make a solid person.

Murrays Theory of Psychogenic Needs

Murrays Theory of Psychogenic Needs Theories Personality Psychology Print Murrays Theory of Psychogenic Needs By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on August 18, 2019 Eugenio Marongiu/Cultura/Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Murray's Types of Needs List of Psychogenic Needs Influences Research View All Back To Top American psychologist Henry Murray (1893-1988) developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, presses, and needs. Murray described needs as a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances (1938). Theories of personality based on needs and motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs. While some needs are temporary and changing, other needs are more deeply seated in our nature. According to Murray, these psychogenic needs function mostly on the unconscious level but play a major role in our personality. Murrays Types of Needs Murray identified needs as one of two types: Primary Needs:  Primary needs are basic needs that are based upon biological demands, such as the need for oxygen, food, and water.Secondary Needs:  Secondary needs are generally psychological, such as the need for nurturing, independence, and achievement. While these needs might not be fundamental for basic survival, they are essential for psychological well-being. List of Psychogenic Needs The following is a partial list of 24 needs identified by Murray and his colleagues. According to Murray, all people have these needs, but each individual tends to have a certain level of each need. Each persons unique levels of needs play a role in shaping his or her individual personality. Ambition Needs Ambition needs are related to the need for achievement and recognition. The need for achievement is often expressed by succeeding, achieving goals, and overcoming obstacles. The need for recognition is met by gaining social status and displaying achievements. Sometimes the ambition needs even involve a need for exhibition, or the desire to shock and thrill other people. Materialistic Needs The materialistic needs center on the acquisition, construction, order, and retention. These needs often involve obtaining items, such as buying material objects that we desire. In other instances, these needs compel us to create new things. Obtaining and creating items are an important part of the materialistic needs, but keeping objects and organizing them is also important. Power Needs The power needs tend to center on our own independence as well as our need to control others. Murray believed that autonomy was a powerful need involving the desire for independence and resistance. Other key power needs that he identified include abasement (confessing and apologizing), aggression (attacking or ridiculing others), blame avoidance (following the rules and avoiding blame), deference (obeying and cooperating with others), and dominance (controlling others). Affection Needs The affection needs are centered on our desire to love and be loved. We have a need for affiliation and seek out the company of other people. Nurturance, or taking care of other people, is also important for psychological well-being. The need for succorance involves being helped or protected by others. Murray also suggested that play and having fun with other people was also a critical affection need. While most of the affection needs a center on building relationships and connections, Murray also recognized that rejection could also be a need. Sometimes, turning people away is an important part of maintaining mental wellness. Unhealthy relationships can be a major detriment to an individuals well-being, so sometimes knowing when to walk away can be important. Information Needs The information needs center around both gaining knowledge and sharing it with others. According to Murray, people have an innate need to learn more about the world around them. He referred to cognizance as the need to seek knowledge and ask questions. In addition to gaining knowledge, he also believed that people have a need for what he referred to as exposition, or the desire to share what they have learned with other people. Influences on Psychogenic Needs Each need is important in and of itself, but Murray also believed that needs can be interrelated, can support other needs, and can conflict with other needs. For example, the need for dominance may conflict with the need for affiliation when overly controlling behavior drives away friends, family, and romantic partners. Murray also believed that environmental factors play a role in how these psychogenic needs are displayed in behavior. Murray called these environmental forces presses. Research on Psychogenic Needs Other psychologists have subjected Murrays psychogenic needs to considerable research. For example, research on the need for achievement has revealed that people with a high need for achievement tend to select more challenging tasks. Studies on the need for affiliation have found that people who rate high on affiliation needs tend to have larger social groups, spend more time in social interaction, and more likely to suffer loneliness when faced with little social contact.

Personal Statement The Place Blew Up The Driveway

Brad Parker ENC 1101 Professor Randy Gordon 09/05/2015 â€Å"That One Time We Blew-up the Driveway† Around the world, millions of snowflakes fall on the ground every day, and melt on the ground instantly. Most say that there is no such thing as the perfect snowflake. But if there was such a perfectly crafted ice crystal, what are the chances it would fall on your sleeve for you to admire? This opportunity will most likely never present itself in your lifetime, but moments in time can be just as rare, just as perfect, to stay stuck inside your head for the rest of your existence. About a two years past, I had lost my job, and was in the process of moving out of my former place of residence. My plan was to split my parent’s garage in half, and build a room for me to stay while I got back up on my feet. Though until the room was built, I was to lay my head on the living room couch. Words cannot describe how uncomfortable that wretched sofa was. So I usually spent most nights, and waning hours of the mornings, outside in the driveway with my brother in law, Tony. We would usually drink and reminisce about simpler times, share stories of our uneventful days, and pass out as the sun was rising. Every night blended into the next. It was like living the same day for three weeks. Until the driveway exploded. It was some night in early January. I don’t recall which exactly, I just remember my fingertips absent of feeling from the chill. Tony and I were building a stack of DosShow MoreRelated Education has Lost Touch with its Origin and its Meaning Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesto its limit, a spark of understanding and intelligence flashes out and illuminates the subject at hand. Plato had this to say about dialogue and its importance to the process of education. Does this sound like the educational system that is in place today in the United States? Odds are that it does not. What does being educated mean anyway? What is an undergraduate university education? These questions have been de bated for centuries, and they are still relevant today. Many people feelRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 MotivatingRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pageswife (Mary), my sons and their wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease from exploration and the end of all exploring will be to arrive where we begin and to know the place for the first time.† T. S. Eliot To Ann whose love and support has brought out the best in me. And, to our girls Mary, Rachel, and Tor-Tor for the joy and pride they give me. Finally, to my muse, Neil, for the faith and inspiration he instills.

Impact Of Innovation On Public Sector - 1587 Words

Bason,C (2010) uses the term public sector innovation to refer to â€Å"the process of creating new ideas and turning them into value for society† .(Bason,2010) then goes on to discuss about the value public sector innovation holds and asserts that the public sector has four major components: productive, service experience, results and democracy. (Bason, 2010, p.34) There is evidence that innovation plays a crucial role in regulating in the public sector. Recent developments in public sector organisations have heightened the need for innovation, so this essay seeks to examine the use of innovation in key public sector institutions, e.g. healthcare and will also identify the challenges and advantages of co-production/personalisation and innovation in the public sector. Public sector innovation has less connotations with new product development and is more greatly linked to enhancing efficiency and quality of outcome. It consists of internal organisational procedures and structures leading, for instance to innovative ways to customer services which is commonly labelled as â€Å"client service innovation† or examples such as new methods to attain clients which is also described as â€Å"marketing innovation†. (Chryssou, 2014) Pivotal examples of innovation include, new technological use, the desire towards public-centric procedures with the outlook to provide uncomplicated services and more suitability. Additionally, employee empowerment which refers to granting staff permission to haveShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Innovation On The Public Sector1708 Words   |  7 Pagesobstacles from the public sectors. First of all, from an economic point of view, the logic of business performance and growth on the range of goods and services that the firm offers to consumers is based on creativity. In 21 century, creativity is seen as the source of innovation, and innovation in turn as the operation of creativity. As a result, it has being arguing that, creativity is the ability to see possibilities in business (Ferrari, Cachia and Punie, 2009). The public services requires rationalRead MoreThe Policy Innovation Process Within The Australian Public Services1557 Words   |  7 Pagesobstacles to the policy innovation pro cess within the Australian public services. In this research, academic theories defines and classified major obstacles to policy innovation in a different context of management. However, the paper identifies some obstacle to policy innovation in Australian public sectors; and how these problems can be removed. Nevertheless, the structure of the essay plan has three parts. The first part will classify the major obstacles to policy innovation, second part analysisRead MoreProcess Of Transition Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesinto innovation district. In the 1990s, innovation districts have become the vogue. The innovative startups and creative companies started to cluster in former manufacturing districts due to their centrality, high urban amenities, and low rents. The growth of innovation districts emerged through market forces. However, 22@ Barcelona is led by public organizations with formal planning and strategy. Even though the policymakers aim to foster a self-sustaining growth , the public-led innovation districtRead MoreChallenges Faced By The United States1569 Words   |  7 PagesInnovation has been a topic that has dominated the main conversation across many organizations. How can governments reshape their role and redesign the existing systems they have and renew the benefits from the creation and development of individual processes. The recession of 2008 has created opportunities and has demanded things be done differently. Gone are the times when problems are solved with endless resources and labor to work their way to a solution. The energy has been refocused to determineRead More Entrepreneurship for Social Change Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesEntrepreneurship for social change: Is the U.S. doing enough to encourage and support sustainable social innovation? Introduction: Throughout U.S. history the nonprofit and government sectors have addressed needs that are not being met by the marketplace through the provision of a variety of social goods and services ranging from health and human services to environmental conservation. In response to increased demand for these services, the number of nonprofits has grown by 59% over the pastRead MoreImpact Of Information Technology On Banking Sector1417 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Information Technology in Banking Sector Vaishnavi Peddu, peddu1v@cmich.edu BIS 625 Research in Information Systems College of Business Administration, Department of Business Information Systems Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858 USA Introduction Globally information Technology is recognized as a key element in financial development in many countries around the world over past decade. Various advancements have taken place in the banking sector in the point ofRead MoreEntrepreneurship and Innovation710 Words   |  3 Pagesevidence. The misconceptions about entrepreneurship has been promulgated and perpetuated by media (Hunter, 2012, p. 90). 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Introduction It is a common notion that it is primarily the private sector that drives innovation and economic growth, while the government, at best, plays only organization role in ‘fixing market failures’. Under this myth lies a different story, where some of the best advanced economies in the world have been shaped directly by government ¬ led investments. By not being capable to recognize the government

Educating On Obesity And Exercise Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

There are two types of metabolic reactions, catabolic and anabolic which fundamentally mean to interrupt down and construct up. This is of import when looking at exercising and the construct of firing fat and edifice of musculus. During exercising energy is released when big molecules are broken down into smaller 1s. We will write a custom essay sample on Educating On Obesity And Exercise Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is called the katabolic reaction. The energy is so used during the anabolic reaction to construct up complex molecules needed by the organic structure to keep life and develop new tissue. A individual ‘s metamorphosis establishes the rate at which the organic structure burns Calories and how rapidly weight is gained or lost. The higher a individual ‘s metamorphosis is, the quicker they will lose weight. Using the construct of anabolic and katabolic reactions, the short term weight loss is best achieved by aerophilic exercising to interrupt down molecules into energy that the organic structure can utilize to construct musculus. Muscle burns more Calories than fat, so the edifice of musculus will hike a individual ‘s metamorphosis in the long term and increase the sum of Calories burned. A After any type of surgery, the organic structure is susceptible to infection. Clostridium perfringens infections have a high mortality rate. This being multiplies in the myometrium and can distribute to the womb and circulatory system to go a systemic infection if non treated rapidly. It can do serious jobs such as myometriosis which may take to sterility. Surgical intercession such as a hysterectomy may be performed early nevertheless, for a patient that is merely 33 old ages old this may be lay waste toing. 3. Stephanie and Daryl Donnelly are both 31 old ages old and would wish to get down a household. Stephanie has a household history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and admirations what the impact will be in footings of her ain kids holding the disease. The twosome has come to the clinic to discourse their options. I would explicate to the twosome that although Stephanie does non hold symptoms of the disease, she may be a bearer. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an familial disease where males are more likely to develop symptoms than are adult females. The boies of females who are bearers of the disease each have a 50 % opportunity of holding the disease. The girls each have a 50 % opportunity of being bearers. If the account of the disease was indicated, I would discourse the class of the disease, clinical manifestations, life anticipation and the effects on the kid and health professionals. I would rede familial guidance since Stephanie has a household history of the upset. A Although there is no remedy for this disease, the familial mutant has been identified. This can let for a more informed determination as to whether the twosome wants to travel frontward with get downing a household. Stephanie can undergo DNA analysis of blood samples to set up bearer position of the mutant. Besides, antenatal diagnosing is possible as early as12 hebdomads by trying chorionic villi. If the sample was positive for the cistron mutant, the household would hold adequate clip to fix for the kid or the option to end the gestation. This would be a hard determination either manner, but with current research at the least the household would cognize prior to the birth of the kid. If a kid is born affected by the disease, ongoing research is being conducted to diminish the badness of the symptoms. These include root cell replacing therapy, exon-skipping, linear up-regulation and cistron replacing, every bit good as drug therapy to decelerate disease patterned advance. 4. The households of two kids are concerned about the integrating of their kids into the local junior high school. Melissa, age 13, has Turner syndrome, and Timothy, age 14, has Klinefelter syndrome. The households are non related. They approach the community wellness nurse for counsel. Adolescence and the demand to â€Å" suit in † create fright and anxiousness in most adolescents. The organic structure is traveling through emotional, physical, and hormonal alterations. Adolescents are concerned about their outward appearance.A Some of the most of import elements to discourse with the household about Turner syndrome are the physical alterations that develop in females. Females with this status be given to be shorter than mean misss of the same age. They besides may hold excess tegument on the cervix dropsical custodies and pess and skeletal abnormalcies. Other medical jobs that may originate from Turner syndrome may include bosom mutters, high blood force per unit area and kidney jobs. About 10 per centum of misss develop scoliosis or an under-active thyroid. The ovaries of females with Turner syndrome do non bring forth estrogen and Lipo-Lutin. Tiffany will non develop chests or get down her period unless she is treated with endocrine therapy. Although sterility may non be an issue during adolescence, this should be addressed as Tiffany ages as the ovaries are non-functional due to the disease. Although non all males with Klinefelter syndrome have the same symptoms, I would turn to the physical, linguistic communication and societal facets of the status. As Timothy is considered pubescent adolescent, he will non do as much testosterone as other male childs. This may ensue in less musculus mass and less facial and organic structure hair than other boys his age. He may besides hold wider hips, larger chests and lower energy degrees. A big per centum of males have some kind of linguistic communication jobs, such as reading, treating spoken linguistic communication and showing ideas and demands efficaciously. From a societal point of view these male childs tend to be quiet and diffident. They may fight in school and athleticss, which may ensue in trouble adjustment in with their equals. 5. Margaret, age 3, has merely taken a bath. She wants to demo her ma a new fast one that she ‘s learned and bends rearward. As Margaret extends rearward, her female parent notices a big, stick outing mass from her venters. Her female parent instantly takes Margaret to the local clinic for farther appraisal. A I would discourse the most common tumours found in kids, and other possible causes of the mass such as hernia, ascites. The possibility of a hernia may bring forth no symptoms but have the hazard of going an exigency state of affairs if it becomes strangulated. Besides, I would discourse scrutinies, diagnostic proving such as CT scans, lab draws, and echography. If indicated more testing of blood, bone marrow may be done if malignance is suspected. 6. Mary, 82 old ages old, lives in a residential senior attention place. Her household has noticed the following bit by bit happening over the past hebdomad: agitation, crossness, and confusion ; musculus vellication of appendages ; and ailments of being thirsty all the clip, even after imbibing. They have noticed that her urinary catheter bag does n’t hold every bit much fluid in it, and she looks flushed at times. Mary has had frequent episodes of diarrhoea. The nursing staff drew blood for complete blood count ( CBC ) , serum osmolarity, and electrolytes and has been supervising her BP and bosom rate every 4 hour. Her BP has ranged from 86/60 to 88/66, and her pulse scope is 105 to 118 and regular. The staff besides reviewed her medicine profile and discovered that Mary received two excess doses of lactulose that were non ordered. 7. Vanessa, age 33 old ages, is a individual female parent of two adolescent misss and works as a director full clip with a fiscal investing house. She has merely enrolled in an MBA plan part-time. She comes to the exigency section today because her â€Å" bosom has been rushing for about 30 proceedingss. † She was at place working on her first assignment and making house work in between. Her girls were inquiring for money to purchase some new school apparels when she says she merely â€Å" lost it † and get downing shouting at them. The nurse placed her on the bosom proctor, and Vanessa ‘s beat showed sinus tachycardia at a rate of 142/min. Vanessa has no other symptoms. A Stress is about impossible to extinguish, but with good techniques it can be successfully managed. I would discourse with Vanessa some ways to director her emphasis such as inquiring her kids to assist with family jobs, and perchance acquiring occupations. This would assist the misss with money to purchase their ain school apparels and give Vanessa some quiet clip to analyze. Meditation, deep external respiration and yoga may assist Vanessa loosen up when holding nerve-racking minutes. She may besides seek a warm bath, loosen uping music or taking a walk outside. Although she is busy with kids, work and school, everyone needs clip to loosen up. Just a five minute interruption may be all person needs when they feel a nerve-racking minute coming. How to cite Educating On Obesity And Exercise Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Life Without N Sync Essay Example For Students

Life Without N Sync Essay I would hate to even suggest that we might soon exist in a world without NSync. Their songs inspire us, as well as being very morally sound. Their creative and innovative fashions and tunes gives us the much needed variety that keeps us interested about the next aptly-titled CD they put out. They are great role models for every aspiring teen dream, and give teenaged boys something to aspire to. NSync is a positive contributor to our society. NSyncs writers have written some very memorable songs in the past, including Digital Getdown and Thats When Ill Stop Loving You. These songs are filled with inspiring lyrics such as, Dont wanna be the reason for your love no more and Baby, baby get nasty, nasty and we can get freaky deaky. These lyrics teach the 8 year old fans just what girls are good for, and make them feel loved and respected; at the same time they teaching them some interesting vocabulary that they can use in everyday life. I like the consistency of the song titles, because consistency is very important. A large portion of their titles include the word you, or me, which definitely showcases their creativity. The fact that they let talented musicians do the instrumental sections proves that they care about how their music sounds. NSyncs songs are a positive influence on todays youth. Its a definite relief to know that Justin Timberlake is having a good hair day, and that Chris Kirkpatrick had a good photo shoot. I am glad to know that their latest CD has gone multi-platinum and they have made lots of money, because their happiness is very important to me. One can never get tired of their adorable puppy-dog faces and their cute plays on words that have been carefully scripted. Their intelligence, ingenuity and creativity has led me to believe that they are very positive role models for their fans, and they are who every teenaged boy should strive to be. The things I like most about NSync are the fact that they went from having no talent and no money to having no talent and lots of money. Its good that magazine publishers have made entire series of magazines all about them. I enjoy reading the countless articles and interviews about them, because I say The more, the better!! Without NSync, many teenaged girls wouldnt have music to listen to, or any pictures to put on their walls. They wouldnt have hopes and dreams such as I want to marry J.C. when I grow up! The lack of another baby-boy pop band would have a devastating effect on Hollywood and the record industry, because their records are best sellers and they are also a standout group with a unique sound. Variety is the spice of life. This statement applies to NSync in countless ways, some of which include: their beats and tunes, lyrics, song titles,  and hairstyles. NSync is a positive influence on our modern society and a great contributor to the United States economy. Without NSync, our world as we know it would cease to exist.

Dubaya Essays - Bush Family, Livingston Family, Schuyler Family

Dubaya He brought his father's sterling name, degrees from Yale and Harvard, some $13,000 left in his trust fund, and his strongest personal asset an exuberant charm spiked with wisecracks. Bush never found much oil in Texas, but he slowly found his way. He married and fathered twin girls, quit drinking, began studying Scripture, and made his an unsuccessful foray into the family business by running for Congress. He learned to court friends and political supporters of his father, the vice president. And he hooked up with the oil investors who would eventually help him become managing partner of the Texas Rangers baseball team. Bush used the Rangers post to cultivate celebrity status and prepare for a gutsy, winning challenge to Democratic Gov. Ann Richards in 1994. The Rangers deal also made him a multimillionaire. George Walker Bush was born July 6, 1946 in New Haven, Conn., where his father, already a flying hero of World War II, was charging through Yale. When he was 2, his parents moved West to chase the oil boom. But young George also endured great sorrow at age 7, when his little sister Robin died of leukemia. The next child, now Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, was seven years younger. Three others followed: Neil, stung by the S Marvin, a venture capitalist; and Doro, wife of a Washington lobbyist and mother of four. None seems to have felt the weight of their father's successes as much as the eldest, often called ``Junior'' although he's one name short of George Herbert Walker Bush. He followed his father's path to prep school in Andover, Mass., and then Yale, but failed to live up to his legacy in academics or sports. Instead, he's remembered at Andover for organizing stickball tournaments and lavish pep rallies that brightened an otherwise rigid campus. At Yale, like his father, he was tapped for the secret Skull and Bones society and became president of Delta Kappa Epsilon. Fraternity brothers remember him as ``the life of the party'' among a group preoccupied by beer, sports, soul music and, of course, girls. Friends say Bush avoided the nascent Vietnam War protests at Yale and didn't brook criticism of his father, then a Texas congressman supporting the war. Shortly before graduation in 1968, Bush signed up for pilot training in the Texas Air National Guard, where it was unlikely he would be sent to Vietnam. Bush says he wanted to learn to fly like his father; he denies allegations that family connections helped win a coveted slot and avoid the draft. Thus began what Bush calls his ``nomadic period.'' He moved to a singles complex in Houston, chased women, drank bourbon, tooled around in a sports car and flew F-102 fighters on weekends. He bounced through several jobs, helped with his father's congressional campaign, and worked for a year at a charity that mentored poor black boys. He was trying to ``reconcile who I was and who my dad was, to establish my own identity in my own way,'' Bush said in a 1989 interview. Unsure what to do next, he enrolled in Harvard, earning a master's of business administration. At age 29, Bush returned to the town where he was raised, to grow up. For him, it was ``entrepreneurial heaven.'' On the heels of the Arab oil embargo, prices were skyrocketing and fortunes were blossoming. With guidance from his father's local friends, Bush began as a ``land man,'' putting together deals to buy mineral rights. No one would have known from his worn jeans and hand-me-down shirts that his father was ambassador to China. Friends introduced Bush to Laura Welch, a reserved librarian who had attended junior high with him in Midland. They were married three months later. She became a stabilizing influence. The marriage started on the campaign trail in an unlikely bid for an open congressional seat. Bush staged an upset in the '78 GOP primary but he lost the general election after Democrat Kent Hance successfully branded him a carpetbagger. Buoyed by investments from family friends back East, his oil exploration business performed modestly well until prices plummeted in 1981. Two Cincinnati investors gave

An Assessment of the American Psychological Association in the Development of Professional Knowledge and Abilities of Members

An Assessment of the American Psychological Association in the Development of Professional Knowledge and Abilities of Members Consecutive studies demonstrate that career success is primarily a function of ability, personality, knowledge, opportunity, and the interactions between these variables (Rode et al., 2008). Additionally, the scope of job tasks, responsibilities, and expectations have also been cited as critical determinants of career success. Abele Spurk (2009) defines career success as the positive psychological or job-related outcomes an individual accumulates as a direct result of work-related experiences.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on An Assessment of the American Psychological Association in the Development of Professional Knowledge and Abilities of Members specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Professional bodies and organizations have been credited for assisting employees to work towards achieving their career goals and objectives and, therefore, play an important role in complimenting the efforts of employees towards the attainment of career success. This paper purposes to explain how the American Psychological Association (APA) assists its members in the development of professional knowledge and abilities, and how this impacts the career success of psychologists in the various fields of practice. Headquartered in Washington, the APA is a scientific and professional organization with over 150,000 members, thus making it the largest association of psychologists globally. According to its homepage, â€Å"†¦the mission of the APA is to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people’s lives† (APA, 2010, para. 2). Among other things, this mission is based on continual pursuit of excellence, outstanding service to members and society, knowledge and its application based on methods of science, and ethical action in all the organization’s endeavors. The APA contributes towards the enhancement of professional knowledge and abilities of its members in a number of ways. First, the organization is not only the foremost catalyst for the stimulation, development, and dissemination of psychological knowledge and practice, but it is the primary resource for all psychologists, not mentioning that it is the premier trendsetter in the education, nurturing, and training of psychologists, practitioners, and educators (APA, 2010). Its comprehensive undertaking in research provides members with a framework to keep abreast of current issues in the broad field of psychology, and enhances their practical knowledge and abilities in dealing with new and challenging issues. In addition, the association provides members with the opportunity to network and exchange critical ideas that goes along way to sharpen their abilities to contribute more to the enhancement of human rights, health, well-being, and self-respect (APA, 2010).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What’s more, the publications and annual conventions arranged by the organization allows young psychologists the chance to interact with experienced members and exchange knowledge and ideas that are inarguably critical to the practice judging by the fact that psychology is an evolving discipline. The association gives its members an enabling environment to develop their professional knowledge and expertise through interaction and collaboration. Lastly, it is imperative to mention that any professional body gives its members a sense of belonging and a framework for furthering their interests, and the APA is no exception (Kuijpers et al., 2006). As already mentioned, career success is primarily a function of an individual’s knowledge and abilities. Individuals always strive to build a successful career, and a professional body that will provide them with the basic ingredients for career success is mos t welcome. Knowledge and abilities will enhances an individual’s chances to gain materially in terms of pay and hierarchical position, otherwise known as objective career success (Abele Spurk, 2008). In the same vein, having adequate knowledge and capabilities brings job satisfaction, motivation and enhanced social status, therefore enabling one to achieve what is known as subjective career success. As such, it can be concluded that engagement in professional organizations enhance one’s career success. Reference List Abele, A.E., Spurk, D. (2009). How do objective and subjective career success interrelate over times? Journal of Occupational Organizational Psychology, 82(4), 803-824. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier Database American Psychological Association. (2010). About APA. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/about/index Kuijpers, M.A.C.T., Schyns, B., Schreerens, J. (2006). Career competencies for career success. Career Development Quarterly, 55(2), 168-178. R etrieved from MasterFILE Premier DatabaseAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on An Assessment of the American Psychological Association in the Development of Professional Knowledge and Abilities of Members specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rode, C.R., Arthaud-Day, M.L., Mooney, C.H., Near, J.P., Baldwin, T.T. (2008). Ability and personality predictors of salary, perceived job success and perceived career success in the initial career stage. International Journal of Selection Assessment, 16(3), 292-299. Retrieved from Academic Source Premier Database

Nationalism and Patriotism in World War I Assignment

Nationalism and Patriotism in World War I - Assignment Example The novel conveyed various themes including nationalism and patriotism which will be the focus of this exposition. The author shatters any idealistic predeterminations that prospective readers may develop in the course of reading the novel in his portrayal of all possible ghastly consequences in war participation. Yet again, the emphasis of this treatise is directed towards â€Å"nationalism† and â€Å"patriotism† and their corresponding examples as exemplified in the novel. The reader is likewise informed to all new sorts of attacks in the war which even more procured the writer the impetus to write this novel. Nationalism Nationalism oftentimes connotes the unwavering commitment and loyalty of a person towards his mother homeland. In the novel â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front†, nationalism is introduced through the encouragement of Paul’s teacher, Kantorek, to join the German army shortly after the commencement of the World War 1. Paul recalled how K antorek would constantly push them to join the war by subtle forms of bullying and by verbalizing patriotic passages towards them, thereby criticizing their spinelessness. Albeit Kantorek expressed 2 nationalism by encouraging the young men to enlist themselves in the war, Kantorek was not among those people who belonged to the generation relatively entreated to battle for their homeland. In the novel it says â€Å"For us young men of twenty  everything is extraordinarily vague, for Kropp,  Muller, Leer, and me, for all of us whom Kantorek  calls the â€Å"Iron Youth†Ã¢â‚¬  (Wheen 1929), people who offer their lives in order to serve the political interest of their leaders. This thereby implies that not all nationalistic goals are motivated by acceptable intents. Paul felt acrimonious as to how they cannot defy the calls of their conscience and about the thoughts of nationalistic contributions pleaded of them which eventually compelled them to join the war; neverthele ss, Paul still was able to utilize it in humanitarian cause. Nationalism transcended beyond its common description, that is loyalty to your homeland, when Paul reconciled with the Russian soldiers after realizing that they do not war against each other because they are enemies but because they were ordered to do so. Furthermore, Paul altered his customary understanding about nationalism as manifested by his feeling of remorse after slaying a person for the first time. He felt numb and haunted after seeing the soldier gasping for air and slowly dying. The nationalism portrayed in the novel projects it in different angles. It did not only focus on pristine loyalty to his homeland but nationalism by understanding why they were in war and realizing how they are used as a â€Å"marionette† leverage of their political leaders. Patriotism In deliberating on a certain novel and its undertones and meanings, we find nationalism and patriotism as one of the most common themes when it co mes to war novels. However, in the novel â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front†, it does not focus on the triumph of war or any 3 undesirable consequences that one who engages in battle would encounter. The novel is just a simple exposition of how war can separate a person from his civil life, particularly a person who was involved in the war itself. The novel depicts truthful accounts of the actual events that took place in the war scene and thereby added the traumatic effect of witnessing a dying person, hovering killer planes, a

Super Bowl Commercial 2014 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Super Bowl Commercial 2014 - Essay Example In less than ten seconds, each scene tells a story of a thousand words. There is no mention of the brand name or image of the Microsoft logo throughout the commercial until the very end of the commercial. I believe the commercial brings out the personality of Microsoft. Microsoft strives to invent and develop amazing computer software that caters for not only ordinary people, but people with specific or special needs also. Technology has made life simpler and better. Technology has made people’s dreams a reality and Microsoft is at the forefront of such initiatives. The Super bowl 2014 Apple Inc commercial a competitor of Microsoft known for its IOS operating systems and OS X computer software did not have such a creative well thought through commercial (O’Grady, 2014). The Apple Inc commercial concentrated on their product iPhone and not a broader perspective of what they are all about. The Microsoft commercial was far more superior in terms of quality and was able to market Microsoft as a brand that cares and not a brand that wants to sell only. My favorite spot in the Microsoft commercial was a scene showing a small girl jumping up and down and screaming from seeing her father probably through Skype. It brings out the aspect of how technology builds relationships. The Super bowl Microsoft Commercial 2014 was

The Right To Access Clean Water Environmental Sciences Essay

The Right To Access Clean Water Environmental Sciences Essay Human rights ensure that the basic needs of a human are provided equally to all individuals regardless of monetary stature, race, religion or discrimination of any sort. It works to maintain that both, the bearer and the recipient play an active role in this providence. In the 21st century Human Rights is becoming much more important and playing an additional vital role as further needs are being labelled as a right that should be enjoyed and exercised by all individuals. One such human right is the right to access clean water. There are basic human rights that have often been recognized, food, healthcare, etc. So it should come to no surprise that Water is also a basic human right. Water is, in our eyes, a fundamental human necessity as there is no life without water. Yet, the situation remains that not every human being on this other is gifted with access to clean water. Moreover, the lack of clean water is transforming from a limitation to an enormous threat. Definition of terms Human Rights Council The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system made up of 47 States responsible for the promotion and protection of all human rights around the globe. Groundwater   Groundwater is water that is found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is an important source of water for consumption. Low income groups Individuals with access to a low income in comparison with the average income of the general population in an area. Income is the amount of money an individual earns in a certain time period. Inadequate Inadequate means that a certain factor is unfit for usage or consumption. It does not fulfil the needs of a task or individual. Millennium Development Goals The MDGs are eight goals that were formed at the Millennium Summit in 2000 and aim to bringing international development. All member nations of the UN have agreed to meet these goals by the year 2015. Background The background to this issue on the agenda lies in the simple fact that 900 million people worldwide dont have access to clean water. A basic need of the human body; lying out of reach for all these people is not a matter that the UN would leave unaddressed. The underlying problem that causes this issue of lack of clean water is with the unequal distribution of water and poverty. Often, low income groups, those living in extreme poverty and people living in rural areas cannot afford a clean water supply and make do with unreliable water sources. Over 3.4 million people die every year from causes related to water, sanitation and hygiene and 99 percent of these deaths occur in the developing world. Out of just over 7 billion people on this planet, more than 894 million dont have access to improved water sources; which is about one in nine people. As rivers dry up, lakes shrink and groundwater reserves get depleted, that figure will rise to 3 billion in 2025, especially in parts of Asia and Africa. These facts are just the tip of the iceberg as the ongoing issue stems into many other situations that the UN has to face and its roots must be uncovered by members of the UN so that the access to clean water is no longer a demand, but a provision. Causes of the Lack of Clean Water The fact remains that there is indeed enough water on Earth for the need of the world population. Thereby the problem lies in the unequal distribution of water and poverty around the globe. Inequality of Distribution Lack of transportation systems and systems to obtain water, such as harvesting rainwater and extracting groundwater as well as in some cases not restricting peoples access to water has left clean water in scarcity. When the extraction of groundwater becomes excessive (for industrial and agricultural use), its availability at domestic households is poorly affected. Poverty Economic condition is another factor with access to clean water. Developing countries such as India have a number of rural areas where there is an inadequate water supply. Individuals have to usually travel long distances to get water from rather unsafe sources. Even in Developed nations such as the USA, low income groups typically live in places that are not provided with adequate water supply options. For example, impoverished slum dwellers in  Angola  draw drinking water from the local river where their sewage is dumped. Farmers on the lower reaches of the Colorado River struggle because water has been diverted to cities like Las Vegas and Los Angeles. Corruption Corruption too plays a part in the scarcity of clean water and reduces its availability. Slow response or no response at all to this issue in some areas is all due to corruption. Almost 40 percent of water is lost in leakages from water pipes and canals of which the main cause is illegal tapping. This also results in a hike in water prices which only goes on to ruin the poor. Important Measures Obviously an issue of such importance is not being given the spotlight in just now, in the 21st century. Measures have been taken previously to deal with the right to access clean water. In 1948, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights came into being which laid down the basis to all universal rights. It formed the various social, economic and political rights of humans. In 1966, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was formed which was a legal binding treaty where States parties are obligated to protect, respect and fulfil rights such as the right to life, the right to dignity, and the right to self determination. The right to water is not explicitly defined in this treaty but comes under the right to life as water is essential for human life on planet Earth. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, which took place in 1979, was the first time water supply was addressed in a legally binding way.   Article 14.2(h) states that women have the right to enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and  water supply. This convention was followed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 10 years after in 1979. The convention talks about the right to health in Article 24, where the focus on combating disease and malnutrition primarily states that children should have a provision of nutritious food and clean water. Moreover, Article 27, the entitlement to adequate living conditions is said by the Committee on the Rights of the Child to include access clean water. One of the key conferences was the Millennium Summit, New York, USA in 2000. The conference adopted The Millennium Declaration and set various Millennium Development Goals. One of the targets is concentrated on the right to access clean water: the goal to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 2015 The United Nations has also declared that the decade from 2005 to 2015 is known as the Water for Life decade In March 2008 at the Human Rights Council Resolution on Human Rights and Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation decided an independent expert should be appointed to deal with the issue of the right to access clean water and basic sanitation. In the September of that year (2008) the Human Rights Council appointed Catarina de Albuquerque as the Independent Expert. She began her mandate on 1 November 2008. She has already made a number of visits to various destinations where she inquires and checks on the state of access to clean water and gives advice and makes recommendation on what further steps can be taken and how to go about in bringing them out. In July 2010 at United Nations General Assembly Resolution on the right to water and sanitation a resolution was initiated by Bolivia. The Resolution 64/ 292 acknowledges that clean drinking water and sanitation are integral to the realisation of all human rights. The Resolution also welcomes the important work carried out by the Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation and welcomes her presentation of an annual report to the General Assembly. 122 Nations voted in favour of this resolution and 41 countries abstained. The abstentions were mostly from primarily developed countries including the USA, Canada, Australia and several European Nations who commented that the resolution would undermine UNs Human Rights Council in Geneva to build a compromise on water rights. Solving the Problem How to go about solving the issue is the actual setback on solving this global concern. Short term, and relatively simple, measures have to be taken. Treating water with chlorine, setting up new pipes and canals for widespread transportation, filters, etc are all existing technologies that can be implemented. Short term measures differ from country to country as not country has the same barriers in providing clean water. The long term goal remains to provide easily available sources of clean and treated water for all individuals. Methods of water conservation such as water recycling and drip irrigation do contribute in making clean water more available but to bring about quick and decisive long term change a global step must be taken with all countries in unison so that the individuals of the world may benefit. The resolution introduced by Bolivia in July 2010, which was passed, aimed at recognizing this matter once again and showed the divide between countries. 41 countries who did not want to go on record for not passing this resolution abstained, as it would complicate steps being taken in Geneva to deal with the same issue at the UNs Human Rights council. Moreover, the resolution was not regulatory and its main aim was to raise concern for the issue and bring out backing for solutions that may come through. To resolve, however, this crisis, nations must come together as one to produce a resolution that tackles the right to access clean water thoroughly and provides the necessary change required for individuals to be given easily available, clean water. Key Conferences 1977  United Nations Water Conference, Mar del Plata, Argentina 1990  The Global Consultation on Safe Water and Sanitation 1990  World Summit for Children 1992  International Conference on Water and the Environment, Dublin, Ireland 1995  World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, Denmark 1997  The First World Water Forum, Marrakesh, Morocco 2000  Millennium Summit, New York, USA 2000  The Second World Water Forum, Ministerial Conference on Water Security in the Twenty-First Century, The Hague, Netherlands 2001  International Conference on Fresh Water, Bonn, Germany 2001  New Partnerships for African Development, NEPAD framework document 2002  World Summit on Sustainable Development, Rio + 10, Johannesburg, South Africa 2003  Third World Water Forum, Kyoto, Japan 2006  Fourth World Water Forum, Mexico 2009  Fifth World Water Forum, Istanbul, Turkey

Review Case Study Dogfight over Europe: RyanAir Essay

1. Overview of RyanAir RyanAir was founded in 1985 by Tony Ryan who former has been worked in Aer Lingus. It established to provide schedule passanger airline services between Ireland and UK as an alternative flight to the state monopoly carrier, Aer Lingus. Initially, RyanAir was a full-service conventional airline, with two classes of seating and leasing three different types of aircraft. RyanAir’s objective was to maintain its position as Europe’s leading low-fare airline, operating frequently point to point flights on short-haul flights, mainly out of regional and secondary airports. Its strategy was based on providing a no-frills service with low fare designed to stimulate demand, particularly from budget-conscious leisure and business travelers who might not have travelled at all. Mission Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost commitment and operating efficiencies. Vision To firmly establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. Values Ryanair is committed to bring customers the lowest fares and most on-time flights out in comparison to all competitors. Most importantly are safety issues, punctuality, near-perfect baggage handling, and the green policy. Goals Ryanair plans to increase efficiency and lower costs even further in comparison to industry rivals. The company wants to become the 2nd largest international airline. 2. Internal Analysis Ryanair’s success was based on a skilful adaptation of the Southwest Airline model focusing on the cost leadership. It benefits from the first mover advantage as it has implemented the budget model first in the European market by negotiating best rates possible with secondary airports. Ryanair has established a single type aircraft fleet that saves on training costs, point-to-point flights that enable fast turn-around times and flights to secondary airports that save airport fee costs. All of them enable Ryanair to keep its operations extremely efficient. Furthermore, Ryanair sub contracts employees on temporary basis, which again saves the company huge expenses making it flexible and adaptable to environmental changes. Figure A2 illustrates all the key points as a summary. Further savings are generated through Ryanair’s website where no advertisement is necessary. Through ancillary revenues as e.g. on-board gaming and car renting Ryanair manages to generate highly satisfying 20% of its revenues. The low-cost business strategy has been successfully integrated into the Porter’s Value Chain. The Resource Based View Model shows the internal analysis as a summary. 3. External Analysis PESTLE Analysis is a suitable tool in order to analyse the external environment. It summarises all the external factors, which might create opportunities or cause significant threat to Ryanair’s operations. Political The political institution European Union affects Ryanair’s strategy and operations by establishing regulations and restrictions in the airline industry. For example, the regulation setting a ceiling on flying hours in order to prevent pilot’s fatigue forces Ryanair to hire more employees. In addition, the EU demands to refund air passengers in case of delays or cancelled flights. Also, the EU might increase the emission fees. All those  EU regulations must be considered and Ryanair’s strategy has to be accordingly adjusted in order to avoid a negative impact on the business. In addition, Ryanair should be aware of regional distinctions as the Irish tourist tax and national government laws acting in favour of national airlines that increase Ryanair’s costs, e.g. national employees contracts in other countries have different terms and conditions that must be applied and are more expensive. Economical Ryanair saves costs by operating over secondary airports. In that way they avoid primary airport charges and extra costs. The economics downturn in 2009 has shown that Ryanair as the leading budget airline can offer the cheapest flights attracting customers and still generate returns. As long as the low fares are guaranteed Ryanair will do well in comparison to its competitors. But if fuel price fluctuations occur, an increase in price will lead to an increase of Ryanair’s operating costs causing problems to guarantee low fares, which stand for the core competence of Ryanair. Failures in hedging, as it happened in year 2008, should be avoided. Also exchange rates should be observed as they might lead to supply chain disruptions. Social Customers perceive Ryanair’s customer service as poor, as the passengers expect to be compensated for cancelled and delayed flights. The poor working conditions cause legal and safety issues that can scare established and potential new customers away. Additionally, the provoking and misleading advertisements lead to a bad image of Ryanair from customer perspective. Those social factors should not be ignored, as customers are key for further growth and market expansion. Technological Ryanair has successfully demonstrated how to make use of modern technology in order to save costs. Ryanair’s online check-in policy and marketing on Ryanair’s website demonstrates how to make use of the Internet technology avoiding expenses of travel agents and excessive advertising. Besides, if  technology such as on-board Internet connection and television are offered for a fee they can generate additional revenue on board. Legal Ryanair is involved in a few legal battles with Stansted and Dublin airport that raise their departure duties. Besides, Ryanair’s misleading and provoking advertisement assault media law and civil law resulting in high penalty fees. The poor working conditions and insufficient training might be an issue of labour law. Additionally, the poor working conditions lead to safety issues and can cause a bad image. All those legal issues are causing handling-, penalty fees and court expenses that should be limited. 4. Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis The Porter’s Five Forces Framework helps to identify the attractiveness of an industry in terms of five competitive forces. In Ryanair’s case it determines if the European budget airline industry is an attractive one. (see: Figure A6) 1) The Threat of Entry The low fares industry, especially, with established leading players as Ryanair, is really hard to enter. The entrants need high capital requirements in order togenerate high economies of scale to compete in the European market. Besides, access to distribution channels is required. That means that the factor threat of new entrants is pretty low. 2) The Threat of Substitutes A service that creates equivalent value to the customers as the airline industry does is the railway networks, sea transports and car rental firms. The only significant threat is the train service because the other options are too expensive. Even though Europe has a good train network like EuRail, the disadvantage of trains is the journey time. It takes much longer to reach a destination by train than by plane, which results in a higher opportunity & transaction costs. To conclude, the threat of substitute is low. 3) The bargaining power of buyers Customers have a high bargaining power because switching to another airline is simple and there are no additional expenses required (e.g. EasyJet and Virgin Express). Especially, in a strategy of cost leadership each customer becomes important. Besides, an increasing problem is that more and more competitors start to offer cheap prices, as well. 4) The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is high, as there are only two manufacturers competing in the aircraft industry. Supplier switching costs are high, as the pilots will need to be retrained and high capital investments must be made. Ryanair’s main supplier has traditionally been Boeing. But Ryanair can allow itself to change suppliers because of its healthy cash flow and because it has already tried to purchase Airbus aircrafts after the purchase of 200 jets from Boeing got cancelled. 5) The extent of Rivalry between competitors The number of competitors that are trying to imitate Ryanair’s cost leadership is increasing. As the market share of the budget airline is only 30% of the whole airline industry the market contains the potential to grow. This might also be the problem for Ryanair and its expansion strategy. As the threat of entry is high the extent of rivalry stays as middle. 5. SWOT Analysis a) Strength 1) Point-to-Point flights. 2) Low Fare 3) Low Operating Cost (Outsourced) b) Weakness 1) Less customer service 2) Poor working conditions c) Opportunity 1) Market share expansion 2) Establish good relationships with labour unions as BALPA 3) Ryanair’s website presence and modern technology 4) Competition Committee who control harm competitors d) Threatness 1) EU regulation 2) Oil price 3) Legal Issues 4) Substitute Transportation 6. Evaluation of Michael O’Leary’s Leadership Michael O’Leary is an extraordinary figure and key personality in Ryanair’s management. He owns an aggressive and innovative leadership style. His statements are provoking and direct. Even though he has a deep financial understanding and became a wealthy person by selling 5 billion of Ryanair’s shares, he still lives the life of a middle-class person. Strong Leadership style O’Leary has an energetic, motivating leadership style. Former employees are praising his leadership style and he received a the European Businessman Award from the magazine Fortune. Innovation abilities O’Leary persuades Ryanair to adopt the strategy model of Southwest Airlines even though the majority of the management team was not willing to do so. He was the inventor of charges for online check-in. Skilful Promoter O’Leary was able to bring Ryanair to the customers by doing provoking stunts and curious advertisement. He always managed to attract the attention of the media and was able to put the company Ryanair on the first page in the news. Maintaining Core Competencies and effective Organizational Culture Over the years, O’Leary managed to build a low-cost culture amongst Ryanair workforce. The corporate culture determines how Ryanair operates and conducts its business. Developing Human and Social Capital Social capabilities are O’Leary’s disadvantage. As he is totally focussed to squeeze out everything out of the available resource, e.g. the employees, to lower costs and offer the lowest price, he forgets about the social component. If he and the company want to survive they need to start developing closer relationships without exploiting all the resources. Ryanair has to manage to move away from an autocratic leadership style and transfer to a democratic one. 7. Recommendation SO strategy Ryanair should definitely proceed with its plan to open up 146 routes in year 2010 according to its five years plan. Expanding further in the market pursue the goal to achieve economies of scale that provide a guarantee to offer the lowest price in the airline industry. Moreover, Ryanair should make use of the strengths as its young, commonality aircraft fleet and start to promote a Greening-image. Besides, more revenue can be generated by increasing cross-selling over the website. ST strategy Ryanair should keep buying the newest aircraft models from Boing as supplier. That will allow Ryanair to minimise its emission costs that will lead to competitive prices. Especially, in time of increased competition Ryanair should promote the greening image. In times of an economics downturn Ryanair can even allow to raise the prices as the competition is forced to do the same and Ryanair possesses a wide price difference of 89% compared to its competitors. WO strategy In order to counteract against the bad public image because of controversial advertisement and poor customer service Ryanair should try to look for a dialogue with labour unions and its customers. The successful dialogues with the labour unions should be promoted in marketing channels. Furthermore, Ryanair’s website should be equipped with a feedback area for customers  complaints. The complaints must be constantly reviewed and responded. WT Strategy Ryanair should definitely pay attention to its public image. The poor customer service and safety issues can scare away customers. All problems concerning safety must be eliminated. In order to decrease the pressure from employees more staff should be hired.

International Marketing Environment

International Marketing Environment Alfredo Carmona Prof. Simone Farrar Marketing 320 February 3, 20 In today’s fierce market it is important for corporations to go global. This isn’t an easy task as it takes a lot of careful planning and research in order to be successful at an international level. The competition can come from local companies to others looking to also expand into worldwide markets. This is why it is so important for a company to analyze this new market and familiarize themselves with them. This can lead to product changes, marketing changes even product name changes once all is taken into consideration.The research process can be lengthy and costly but will ultimately lead to the success of a corporation planning to do business abroad. The marketing process is very important for a company’s success. It must be implemented and planned accordingly for each market. The marketing process consists of four stages. The first stage is the analysis. In this stage data is collected and analyzed on the target market. The characteristics and behaviors of this group are very important. These characteristics are summarized using the eight O’s.The first of the eight O’s is occupants which is the market the company intends to target. Occupants will categorize the target market based on demographics, geography, psychographics and product related variables. These categorizations help the marketers break down large markets into much smaller workable groups. The next of the eight O’s is objects. This describes the service or product that will be used to satisfy the target markets needs Occasions is the third of the eight O’s. This characterizes the moment and time that these customers consume or purchase the product or service.The fourth of the O’s is objectives. Objectives are the motives that create the need for your product or service. The fifth of the O’s is outlets. Outlets are the places or way s a service and product are made available to the target market. This would include stores, websites etc. Organization is the way a buying or acceptance of the idea or service takes place. This will help the marketer understand how the need is created and the purchase is executed (Muhlbacher, Leihs & Dahringer, 2006). The seventh of the eight O’s is operations. Operations represent a firms buying of products and services.This includes analyzing how difficult a company’s product or service will be to break through the market. The last of the eight O’s is opposition. This is where the competition will be analyzed. Any other company that offers a satisfaction for the same need is considered competition. Once the eight O’s have been analyzed a firm will have a better understanding of the needs of their market, how to satisfy these needs and the best way to stay ahead of its competition. A firm that is going global must also plan accordingly to foreign policie s regarding imports and exports.The government has played a large role in international business. Some nations have strict restrictions and other forms of limitations regarding foreign products and services. The government uses forms of import controls in order to stabilize their countries economic state. Tariffs place a tax on imports and raise the price of these imported products. Quota systems are also used by the government. Quota systems are used to reduce the volume of imports accepted by a country (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2010). These regulations can have a big impact companies looking to break into the foreign markets.The government can also be even stricter and impact the global market more by boycotting business from certain nations. This is a strict plan where a country refuses to do business with another nation. This can lead to inflation of prices and other major changes to the international trade market. Nations governments have a played a big role in international busin ess. Sometimes their role is in the best interest of their governing nations. Other times the restrictions are purely political hurting both their countries consumers and foreign based companies doing business in those countries.A company must analyze and incorporate the economic state of the nation they plan on doing business with. The economic state of a nation tells much about it. The physical quality of life is a composite measure of the level of welfare in a country (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2010). This analysis is important as these relate directly to countries wellbeing and how your product or service will be effective in that respected country. Those nations with poor economic growth and high levels of poverty would not be candidates for an expansion of luxury line of cars.However this nation might be the perfect setting for a cell phone company as the need for communications is at all-time high for developing nations. A firm that decides to invest in a foreign market is taking a risk. Any company planning on going global must understand that entering a foreign market comes with many risks and challenges. If any of the planning has flaws, a financial loss could be the end result. A company needs to analyze the risk and understand if they can afford the financial loss should their venture be unsuccessful. Success may also take time to occur.A company must comprehend that positive results can take time to come about. The large investment that is needed at first to fund the planning can take time to recoup but ultimately lead to the company’s success. Czinkota, M. R. , & Ronkainen, I. A. (2010). International marketing. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Muhlbacher, H. , Leihs, H. , & Dahringer, L. (2006). International marketing a global perspective. (3rd ed. ). London, England: Thomson Publishing Company. Shaming, Z. , & Huifen, H. (2011). International marketing: Emerging markets. (Vol. 21). Wagon Lane, England: Emerald Group Publishing.

Factors Affecting Organizational Design - 1374 Words

Factors Affecting Organizational Design Although many things can affect the choice of an appropriate structure for an organization, the following five factors are the most common: size, life cycle, strategy, environment, and technology. Organizational size The larger an organization becomes, the more complicated its structure. When an organization is small — such as a single retail store, a two-person consulting firm, or a restaurant — its structure can be simple. In reality, if the organization is very small, it may not even have a formal structure. Instead of following an organizational chart or specified job functions, individuals simply perform tasks based on their likes, dislikes, ability, and/or need. Rules and guidelines are†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the older the organization and the larger the organization, the greater its need for more structure, more specialization of tasks, and more rules. As a result, the older and larger the organization becomes, the greater the likelihood that it will move from an organic structure to a mechanistic structure. Strategy How an organization is going to position itself in the market in terms of its product is considered its strategy. A company may decide to be always the first on the market with the newest and best product (differentiation strategy), or it may decide that it will produce a product already on the market more efficiently and more cost effectively (cost-leadership strategy). Each of these strategies requires a structure that helps the organization reach its objectives. In other words, the structure must fit the strategy. Companies that want to be the first on the market with the newest and best product probably are organic, because organic structures permit organizations to respond quickly to changes. Companies that elect to produce the same products more efficiently and effectively will probably be mechanistic. Environment The environment is the world in which the organization operates, and includes conditions that influence the organization such as economic, social-cultural, legal-political, technological, and natural environment conditions. Environments are often described asShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Organizational Design1359 Words   |  6 PagesFactors Affecting Organizational Design Although many things can affect the choice of an appropriate structure for an organization, the following five factors are the most common: size, life cycle, strategy, environment, and technology. Organizational size The larger an organization becomes, the more complicated its structure. When an organization is small — such as a single retail store, a two-person consulting firm, or a restaurant — its structure can be simple. 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