The Right To Access Clean Water Environmental Sciences Essay

The Right To Access Clean Water Environmental Sciences Essay Human rights ensure that the basic needs of a human are provided equally to all individuals regardless of monetary stature, race, religion or discrimination of any sort. It works to maintain that both, the bearer and the recipient play an active role in this providence. In the 21st century Human Rights is becoming much more important and playing an additional vital role as further needs are being labelled as a right that should be enjoyed and exercised by all individuals. One such human right is the right to access clean water. There are basic human rights that have often been recognized, food, healthcare, etc. So it should come to no surprise that Water is also a basic human right. Water is, in our eyes, a fundamental human necessity as there is no life without water. Yet, the situation remains that not every human being on this other is gifted with access to clean water. Moreover, the lack of clean water is transforming from a limitation to an enormous threat. Definition of terms Human Rights Council The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system made up of 47 States responsible for the promotion and protection of all human rights around the globe. Groundwater   Groundwater is water that is found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is an important source of water for consumption. Low income groups Individuals with access to a low income in comparison with the average income of the general population in an area. Income is the amount of money an individual earns in a certain time period. Inadequate Inadequate means that a certain factor is unfit for usage or consumption. It does not fulfil the needs of a task or individual. Millennium Development Goals The MDGs are eight goals that were formed at the Millennium Summit in 2000 and aim to bringing international development. All member nations of the UN have agreed to meet these goals by the year 2015. Background The background to this issue on the agenda lies in the simple fact that 900 million people worldwide dont have access to clean water. A basic need of the human body; lying out of reach for all these people is not a matter that the UN would leave unaddressed. The underlying problem that causes this issue of lack of clean water is with the unequal distribution of water and poverty. Often, low income groups, those living in extreme poverty and people living in rural areas cannot afford a clean water supply and make do with unreliable water sources. Over 3.4 million people die every year from causes related to water, sanitation and hygiene and 99 percent of these deaths occur in the developing world. Out of just over 7 billion people on this planet, more than 894 million dont have access to improved water sources; which is about one in nine people. As rivers dry up, lakes shrink and groundwater reserves get depleted, that figure will rise to 3 billion in 2025, especially in parts of Asia and Africa. These facts are just the tip of the iceberg as the ongoing issue stems into many other situations that the UN has to face and its roots must be uncovered by members of the UN so that the access to clean water is no longer a demand, but a provision. Causes of the Lack of Clean Water The fact remains that there is indeed enough water on Earth for the need of the world population. Thereby the problem lies in the unequal distribution of water and poverty around the globe. Inequality of Distribution Lack of transportation systems and systems to obtain water, such as harvesting rainwater and extracting groundwater as well as in some cases not restricting peoples access to water has left clean water in scarcity. When the extraction of groundwater becomes excessive (for industrial and agricultural use), its availability at domestic households is poorly affected. Poverty Economic condition is another factor with access to clean water. Developing countries such as India have a number of rural areas where there is an inadequate water supply. Individuals have to usually travel long distances to get water from rather unsafe sources. Even in Developed nations such as the USA, low income groups typically live in places that are not provided with adequate water supply options. For example, impoverished slum dwellers in  Angola  draw drinking water from the local river where their sewage is dumped. Farmers on the lower reaches of the Colorado River struggle because water has been diverted to cities like Las Vegas and Los Angeles. Corruption Corruption too plays a part in the scarcity of clean water and reduces its availability. Slow response or no response at all to this issue in some areas is all due to corruption. Almost 40 percent of water is lost in leakages from water pipes and canals of which the main cause is illegal tapping. This also results in a hike in water prices which only goes on to ruin the poor. Important Measures Obviously an issue of such importance is not being given the spotlight in just now, in the 21st century. Measures have been taken previously to deal with the right to access clean water. In 1948, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights came into being which laid down the basis to all universal rights. It formed the various social, economic and political rights of humans. In 1966, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was formed which was a legal binding treaty where States parties are obligated to protect, respect and fulfil rights such as the right to life, the right to dignity, and the right to self determination. The right to water is not explicitly defined in this treaty but comes under the right to life as water is essential for human life on planet Earth. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, which took place in 1979, was the first time water supply was addressed in a legally binding way.   Article 14.2(h) states that women have the right to enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and  water supply. This convention was followed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 10 years after in 1979. The convention talks about the right to health in Article 24, where the focus on combating disease and malnutrition primarily states that children should have a provision of nutritious food and clean water. Moreover, Article 27, the entitlement to adequate living conditions is said by the Committee on the Rights of the Child to include access clean water. One of the key conferences was the Millennium Summit, New York, USA in 2000. The conference adopted The Millennium Declaration and set various Millennium Development Goals. One of the targets is concentrated on the right to access clean water: the goal to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 2015 The United Nations has also declared that the decade from 2005 to 2015 is known as the Water for Life decade In March 2008 at the Human Rights Council Resolution on Human Rights and Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation decided an independent expert should be appointed to deal with the issue of the right to access clean water and basic sanitation. In the September of that year (2008) the Human Rights Council appointed Catarina de Albuquerque as the Independent Expert. She began her mandate on 1 November 2008. She has already made a number of visits to various destinations where she inquires and checks on the state of access to clean water and gives advice and makes recommendation on what further steps can be taken and how to go about in bringing them out. In July 2010 at United Nations General Assembly Resolution on the right to water and sanitation a resolution was initiated by Bolivia. The Resolution 64/ 292 acknowledges that clean drinking water and sanitation are integral to the realisation of all human rights. The Resolution also welcomes the important work carried out by the Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation and welcomes her presentation of an annual report to the General Assembly. 122 Nations voted in favour of this resolution and 41 countries abstained. The abstentions were mostly from primarily developed countries including the USA, Canada, Australia and several European Nations who commented that the resolution would undermine UNs Human Rights Council in Geneva to build a compromise on water rights. Solving the Problem How to go about solving the issue is the actual setback on solving this global concern. Short term, and relatively simple, measures have to be taken. Treating water with chlorine, setting up new pipes and canals for widespread transportation, filters, etc are all existing technologies that can be implemented. Short term measures differ from country to country as not country has the same barriers in providing clean water. The long term goal remains to provide easily available sources of clean and treated water for all individuals. Methods of water conservation such as water recycling and drip irrigation do contribute in making clean water more available but to bring about quick and decisive long term change a global step must be taken with all countries in unison so that the individuals of the world may benefit. The resolution introduced by Bolivia in July 2010, which was passed, aimed at recognizing this matter once again and showed the divide between countries. 41 countries who did not want to go on record for not passing this resolution abstained, as it would complicate steps being taken in Geneva to deal with the same issue at the UNs Human Rights council. Moreover, the resolution was not regulatory and its main aim was to raise concern for the issue and bring out backing for solutions that may come through. To resolve, however, this crisis, nations must come together as one to produce a resolution that tackles the right to access clean water thoroughly and provides the necessary change required for individuals to be given easily available, clean water. Key Conferences 1977  United Nations Water Conference, Mar del Plata, Argentina 1990  The Global Consultation on Safe Water and Sanitation 1990  World Summit for Children 1992  International Conference on Water and the Environment, Dublin, Ireland 1995  World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, Denmark 1997  The First World Water Forum, Marrakesh, Morocco 2000  Millennium Summit, New York, USA 2000  The Second World Water Forum, Ministerial Conference on Water Security in the Twenty-First Century, The Hague, Netherlands 2001  International Conference on Fresh Water, Bonn, Germany 2001  New Partnerships for African Development, NEPAD framework document 2002  World Summit on Sustainable Development, Rio + 10, Johannesburg, South Africa 2003  Third World Water Forum, Kyoto, Japan 2006  Fourth World Water Forum, Mexico 2009  Fifth World Water Forum, Istanbul, Turkey

Review Case Study Dogfight over Europe: RyanAir Essay

1. Overview of RyanAir RyanAir was founded in 1985 by Tony Ryan who former has been worked in Aer Lingus. It established to provide schedule passanger airline services between Ireland and UK as an alternative flight to the state monopoly carrier, Aer Lingus. Initially, RyanAir was a full-service conventional airline, with two classes of seating and leasing three different types of aircraft. RyanAir’s objective was to maintain its position as Europe’s leading low-fare airline, operating frequently point to point flights on short-haul flights, mainly out of regional and secondary airports. Its strategy was based on providing a no-frills service with low fare designed to stimulate demand, particularly from budget-conscious leisure and business travelers who might not have travelled at all. Mission Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost commitment and operating efficiencies. Vision To firmly establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. Values Ryanair is committed to bring customers the lowest fares and most on-time flights out in comparison to all competitors. Most importantly are safety issues, punctuality, near-perfect baggage handling, and the green policy. Goals Ryanair plans to increase efficiency and lower costs even further in comparison to industry rivals. The company wants to become the 2nd largest international airline. 2. Internal Analysis Ryanair’s success was based on a skilful adaptation of the Southwest Airline model focusing on the cost leadership. It benefits from the first mover advantage as it has implemented the budget model first in the European market by negotiating best rates possible with secondary airports. Ryanair has established a single type aircraft fleet that saves on training costs, point-to-point flights that enable fast turn-around times and flights to secondary airports that save airport fee costs. All of them enable Ryanair to keep its operations extremely efficient. Furthermore, Ryanair sub contracts employees on temporary basis, which again saves the company huge expenses making it flexible and adaptable to environmental changes. Figure A2 illustrates all the key points as a summary. Further savings are generated through Ryanair’s website where no advertisement is necessary. Through ancillary revenues as e.g. on-board gaming and car renting Ryanair manages to generate highly satisfying 20% of its revenues. The low-cost business strategy has been successfully integrated into the Porter’s Value Chain. The Resource Based View Model shows the internal analysis as a summary. 3. External Analysis PESTLE Analysis is a suitable tool in order to analyse the external environment. It summarises all the external factors, which might create opportunities or cause significant threat to Ryanair’s operations. Political The political institution European Union affects Ryanair’s strategy and operations by establishing regulations and restrictions in the airline industry. For example, the regulation setting a ceiling on flying hours in order to prevent pilot’s fatigue forces Ryanair to hire more employees. In addition, the EU demands to refund air passengers in case of delays or cancelled flights. Also, the EU might increase the emission fees. All those  EU regulations must be considered and Ryanair’s strategy has to be accordingly adjusted in order to avoid a negative impact on the business. In addition, Ryanair should be aware of regional distinctions as the Irish tourist tax and national government laws acting in favour of national airlines that increase Ryanair’s costs, e.g. national employees contracts in other countries have different terms and conditions that must be applied and are more expensive. Economical Ryanair saves costs by operating over secondary airports. In that way they avoid primary airport charges and extra costs. The economics downturn in 2009 has shown that Ryanair as the leading budget airline can offer the cheapest flights attracting customers and still generate returns. As long as the low fares are guaranteed Ryanair will do well in comparison to its competitors. But if fuel price fluctuations occur, an increase in price will lead to an increase of Ryanair’s operating costs causing problems to guarantee low fares, which stand for the core competence of Ryanair. Failures in hedging, as it happened in year 2008, should be avoided. Also exchange rates should be observed as they might lead to supply chain disruptions. Social Customers perceive Ryanair’s customer service as poor, as the passengers expect to be compensated for cancelled and delayed flights. The poor working conditions cause legal and safety issues that can scare established and potential new customers away. Additionally, the provoking and misleading advertisements lead to a bad image of Ryanair from customer perspective. Those social factors should not be ignored, as customers are key for further growth and market expansion. Technological Ryanair has successfully demonstrated how to make use of modern technology in order to save costs. Ryanair’s online check-in policy and marketing on Ryanair’s website demonstrates how to make use of the Internet technology avoiding expenses of travel agents and excessive advertising. Besides, if  technology such as on-board Internet connection and television are offered for a fee they can generate additional revenue on board. Legal Ryanair is involved in a few legal battles with Stansted and Dublin airport that raise their departure duties. Besides, Ryanair’s misleading and provoking advertisement assault media law and civil law resulting in high penalty fees. The poor working conditions and insufficient training might be an issue of labour law. Additionally, the poor working conditions lead to safety issues and can cause a bad image. All those legal issues are causing handling-, penalty fees and court expenses that should be limited. 4. Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis The Porter’s Five Forces Framework helps to identify the attractiveness of an industry in terms of five competitive forces. In Ryanair’s case it determines if the European budget airline industry is an attractive one. (see: Figure A6) 1) The Threat of Entry The low fares industry, especially, with established leading players as Ryanair, is really hard to enter. The entrants need high capital requirements in order togenerate high economies of scale to compete in the European market. Besides, access to distribution channels is required. That means that the factor threat of new entrants is pretty low. 2) The Threat of Substitutes A service that creates equivalent value to the customers as the airline industry does is the railway networks, sea transports and car rental firms. The only significant threat is the train service because the other options are too expensive. Even though Europe has a good train network like EuRail, the disadvantage of trains is the journey time. It takes much longer to reach a destination by train than by plane, which results in a higher opportunity & transaction costs. To conclude, the threat of substitute is low. 3) The bargaining power of buyers Customers have a high bargaining power because switching to another airline is simple and there are no additional expenses required (e.g. EasyJet and Virgin Express). Especially, in a strategy of cost leadership each customer becomes important. Besides, an increasing problem is that more and more competitors start to offer cheap prices, as well. 4) The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is high, as there are only two manufacturers competing in the aircraft industry. Supplier switching costs are high, as the pilots will need to be retrained and high capital investments must be made. Ryanair’s main supplier has traditionally been Boeing. But Ryanair can allow itself to change suppliers because of its healthy cash flow and because it has already tried to purchase Airbus aircrafts after the purchase of 200 jets from Boeing got cancelled. 5) The extent of Rivalry between competitors The number of competitors that are trying to imitate Ryanair’s cost leadership is increasing. As the market share of the budget airline is only 30% of the whole airline industry the market contains the potential to grow. This might also be the problem for Ryanair and its expansion strategy. As the threat of entry is high the extent of rivalry stays as middle. 5. SWOT Analysis a) Strength 1) Point-to-Point flights. 2) Low Fare 3) Low Operating Cost (Outsourced) b) Weakness 1) Less customer service 2) Poor working conditions c) Opportunity 1) Market share expansion 2) Establish good relationships with labour unions as BALPA 3) Ryanair’s website presence and modern technology 4) Competition Committee who control harm competitors d) Threatness 1) EU regulation 2) Oil price 3) Legal Issues 4) Substitute Transportation 6. Evaluation of Michael O’Leary’s Leadership Michael O’Leary is an extraordinary figure and key personality in Ryanair’s management. He owns an aggressive and innovative leadership style. His statements are provoking and direct. Even though he has a deep financial understanding and became a wealthy person by selling 5 billion of Ryanair’s shares, he still lives the life of a middle-class person. Strong Leadership style O’Leary has an energetic, motivating leadership style. Former employees are praising his leadership style and he received a the European Businessman Award from the magazine Fortune. Innovation abilities O’Leary persuades Ryanair to adopt the strategy model of Southwest Airlines even though the majority of the management team was not willing to do so. He was the inventor of charges for online check-in. Skilful Promoter O’Leary was able to bring Ryanair to the customers by doing provoking stunts and curious advertisement. He always managed to attract the attention of the media and was able to put the company Ryanair on the first page in the news. Maintaining Core Competencies and effective Organizational Culture Over the years, O’Leary managed to build a low-cost culture amongst Ryanair workforce. The corporate culture determines how Ryanair operates and conducts its business. Developing Human and Social Capital Social capabilities are O’Leary’s disadvantage. As he is totally focussed to squeeze out everything out of the available resource, e.g. the employees, to lower costs and offer the lowest price, he forgets about the social component. If he and the company want to survive they need to start developing closer relationships without exploiting all the resources. Ryanair has to manage to move away from an autocratic leadership style and transfer to a democratic one. 7. Recommendation SO strategy Ryanair should definitely proceed with its plan to open up 146 routes in year 2010 according to its five years plan. Expanding further in the market pursue the goal to achieve economies of scale that provide a guarantee to offer the lowest price in the airline industry. Moreover, Ryanair should make use of the strengths as its young, commonality aircraft fleet and start to promote a Greening-image. Besides, more revenue can be generated by increasing cross-selling over the website. ST strategy Ryanair should keep buying the newest aircraft models from Boing as supplier. That will allow Ryanair to minimise its emission costs that will lead to competitive prices. Especially, in time of increased competition Ryanair should promote the greening image. In times of an economics downturn Ryanair can even allow to raise the prices as the competition is forced to do the same and Ryanair possesses a wide price difference of 89% compared to its competitors. WO strategy In order to counteract against the bad public image because of controversial advertisement and poor customer service Ryanair should try to look for a dialogue with labour unions and its customers. The successful dialogues with the labour unions should be promoted in marketing channels. Furthermore, Ryanair’s website should be equipped with a feedback area for customers  complaints. The complaints must be constantly reviewed and responded. WT Strategy Ryanair should definitely pay attention to its public image. The poor customer service and safety issues can scare away customers. All problems concerning safety must be eliminated. In order to decrease the pressure from employees more staff should be hired.

International Marketing Environment

International Marketing Environment Alfredo Carmona Prof. Simone Farrar Marketing 320 February 3, 20 In today’s fierce market it is important for corporations to go global. This isn’t an easy task as it takes a lot of careful planning and research in order to be successful at an international level. The competition can come from local companies to others looking to also expand into worldwide markets. This is why it is so important for a company to analyze this new market and familiarize themselves with them. This can lead to product changes, marketing changes even product name changes once all is taken into consideration.The research process can be lengthy and costly but will ultimately lead to the success of a corporation planning to do business abroad. The marketing process is very important for a company’s success. It must be implemented and planned accordingly for each market. The marketing process consists of four stages. The first stage is the analysis. In this stage data is collected and analyzed on the target market. The characteristics and behaviors of this group are very important. These characteristics are summarized using the eight O’s.The first of the eight O’s is occupants which is the market the company intends to target. Occupants will categorize the target market based on demographics, geography, psychographics and product related variables. These categorizations help the marketers break down large markets into much smaller workable groups. The next of the eight O’s is objects. This describes the service or product that will be used to satisfy the target markets needs Occasions is the third of the eight O’s. This characterizes the moment and time that these customers consume or purchase the product or service.The fourth of the O’s is objectives. Objectives are the motives that create the need for your product or service. The fifth of the O’s is outlets. Outlets are the places or way s a service and product are made available to the target market. This would include stores, websites etc. Organization is the way a buying or acceptance of the idea or service takes place. This will help the marketer understand how the need is created and the purchase is executed (Muhlbacher, Leihs & Dahringer, 2006). The seventh of the eight O’s is operations. Operations represent a firms buying of products and services.This includes analyzing how difficult a company’s product or service will be to break through the market. The last of the eight O’s is opposition. This is where the competition will be analyzed. Any other company that offers a satisfaction for the same need is considered competition. Once the eight O’s have been analyzed a firm will have a better understanding of the needs of their market, how to satisfy these needs and the best way to stay ahead of its competition. A firm that is going global must also plan accordingly to foreign policie s regarding imports and exports.The government has played a large role in international business. Some nations have strict restrictions and other forms of limitations regarding foreign products and services. The government uses forms of import controls in order to stabilize their countries economic state. Tariffs place a tax on imports and raise the price of these imported products. Quota systems are also used by the government. Quota systems are used to reduce the volume of imports accepted by a country (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2010). These regulations can have a big impact companies looking to break into the foreign markets.The government can also be even stricter and impact the global market more by boycotting business from certain nations. This is a strict plan where a country refuses to do business with another nation. This can lead to inflation of prices and other major changes to the international trade market. Nations governments have a played a big role in international busin ess. Sometimes their role is in the best interest of their governing nations. Other times the restrictions are purely political hurting both their countries consumers and foreign based companies doing business in those countries.A company must analyze and incorporate the economic state of the nation they plan on doing business with. The economic state of a nation tells much about it. The physical quality of life is a composite measure of the level of welfare in a country (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2010). This analysis is important as these relate directly to countries wellbeing and how your product or service will be effective in that respected country. Those nations with poor economic growth and high levels of poverty would not be candidates for an expansion of luxury line of cars.However this nation might be the perfect setting for a cell phone company as the need for communications is at all-time high for developing nations. A firm that decides to invest in a foreign market is taking a risk. Any company planning on going global must understand that entering a foreign market comes with many risks and challenges. If any of the planning has flaws, a financial loss could be the end result. A company needs to analyze the risk and understand if they can afford the financial loss should their venture be unsuccessful. Success may also take time to occur.A company must comprehend that positive results can take time to come about. The large investment that is needed at first to fund the planning can take time to recoup but ultimately lead to the company’s success. Czinkota, M. R. , & Ronkainen, I. A. (2010). International marketing. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Muhlbacher, H. , Leihs, H. , & Dahringer, L. (2006). International marketing a global perspective. (3rd ed. ). London, England: Thomson Publishing Company. Shaming, Z. , & Huifen, H. (2011). International marketing: Emerging markets. (Vol. 21). Wagon Lane, England: Emerald Group Publishing.

Factors Affecting Organizational Design - 1374 Words

Factors Affecting Organizational Design Although many things can affect the choice of an appropriate structure for an organization, the following five factors are the most common: size, life cycle, strategy, environment, and technology. Organizational size The larger an organization becomes, the more complicated its structure. When an organization is small — such as a single retail store, a two-person consulting firm, or a restaurant — its structure can be simple. In reality, if the organization is very small, it may not even have a formal structure. Instead of following an organizational chart or specified job functions, individuals simply perform tasks based on their likes, dislikes, ability, and/or need. Rules and guidelines are†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the older the organization and the larger the organization, the greater its need for more structure, more specialization of tasks, and more rules. As a result, the older and larger the organization becomes, the greater the likelihood that it will move from an organic structure to a mechanistic structure. Strategy How an organization is going to position itself in the market in terms of its product is considered its strategy. A company may decide to be always the first on the market with the newest and best product (differentiation strategy), or it may decide that it will produce a product already on the market more efficiently and more cost effectively (cost-leadership strategy). Each of these strategies requires a structure that helps the organization reach its objectives. In other words, the structure must fit the strategy. Companies that want to be the first on the market with the newest and best product probably are organic, because organic structures permit organizations to respond quickly to changes. Companies that elect to produce the same products more efficiently and effectively will probably be mechanistic. Environment The environment is the world in which the organization operates, and includes conditions that influence the organization such as economic, social-cultural, legal-political, technological, and natural environment conditions. Environments are often described asShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Organizational Design1359 Words   |  6 PagesFactors Affecting Organizational Design Although many things can affect the choice of an appropriate structure for an organization, the following five factors are the most common: size, life cycle, strategy, environment, and technology. Organizational size The larger an organization becomes, the more complicated its structure. When an organization is small — such as a single retail store, a two-person consulting firm, or a restaurant — its structure can be simple. In reality, if the organizationRead MoreFactors Affecting Job Design1594 Words   |  7 PagesFACTORS AFFECTING JOB DESIGN Job design is affected by organizational, environmental and behavioral factors. A properly designed job will make it more productive and satisfying .If a job fails on this count, it must be redesigned based on the feedback. The various factors affecting job design are the following Organizational factors Organizational factors include characteristics of task, work flow, ergonomics and work practices. Characteristics of Task: Job design requires the assemblyRead MoreWhy Job Design Is An Effective Mechanism For Providing Employees Voice1713 Words   |  7 PagesCritically evaluate whether job design is an effective mechanism to provide employees voice. Buchanan (1979) defines job design as â€Å"the specification of contents, methods and relationship of jobs in order to satisfy technological and organizational requirements as well as the social and personal requirements of the jobholder.† Job design arranges and often rearranges responsibilities and relationships associated with various tasks and determines authority and interdependence of various jobs so asRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics1252 Words   |  6 Pagesrequire the following revisions, starting with the code of ethics, issue identification and ideas affecting software architecture department will drive the upgraded growth. Achieving amplified productivity, and a restructured business model that outfits future profits. Correspondingly, meeting the focus on ethical and professional business objectives that satisfies stakeholders and organizational needs. Code of Ethics Adhering to professional ethics will strengthen the organization’s pursuitRead MoreOrganizational Design Is Defined As A Guided Process That Integrates People, Information And Technology Of An Organization1075 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational design is defined as a guided process that integrates people, information and technology of an organization (Carpenter et al., 2014). In an era where organizations are constantly competing to be the best, decisions on organizational design are vital to achieve overall performance. This is evident from the studies by Child (2005) which suggest that the strength of organizational structure increases efficiency. This essay will explore the classical and contingency theories and criticallyRead MoreUsing Data Collection And Data Analysis1427 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Design This study utilized a survey design that involved qualitative methods of data collection and data analysis. The study will utilize online sources that have already been published that include peer-reviewed papers, journals, books and reliable internet sources of the distinctive companies. The internet was searched for important information relating to management in the three major identified organizational designs. Different databases such as Google Scholar, EBSCO, Business SourceRead MoreCulture and Structure1270 Words   |  6 PagesSome form of organizational culture and structure exist in every organization. Successful organizations are often credited with having an appropriate organizational culture and/or structure in place that allows them to reach success. Many companies can believe that they have the needed structure in place to assure success; yet they fail where others succeed. Some work very well, and some just do not work at all. For any organizational culture and structure to function properly, it seems as thoughRead MoreDifference Between Job Enlargement and Job Enrichment and the Impact of Star Model on Job816 Words   |  4 PagesJob Enlargement Job Enlargement is a job design method that adds more responsibilities, duties and workload so that the employee doesn’t feel bored or uncoordinated at the workplace. Job enlargement can add variety in the job giving the employee more wider and not limited number of tasks. It helps the organization to utilize the worker fruitfully. It also increases the simulation for the worker. Example: For instance, in a graphic designing company, an employee who does work in Photoshop to createRead MoreSkills in Employees and Managers1165 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis This articles aims to examine the Perceived organizational support and supervisory support in transfer of training, and motivation to learn. Longitudinal field study was conducted to examine these researches. Literature Review: Support provided by supervisor and perceived organizational support is positively related to trainee self efficacy and motivation to learn (Dan S. Chiaburu, Karen Van Dam and Holly M. Hutchins 2010). Perceived organizational support is directly related to trainees trainingRead MoreBusiness Analysis: WellStar Health Systems Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesEndocrinology, Pulmonary Medicine, Infectious Disease, General Surgery, Rehabilitation, Pathology, and Rheumatology. WellStar’s organizational design is composed of internal and external factors that define the organization’s size, organizational structure, and processes. Internal and external factors are the basis for influencing managerial conclusions in decision-making. These factors vary from organization to organization and are the rationale for understanding WellStar’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities